What is Fatigue?
Fatigue refers to an overwhelming feeling of tiredness or exhaustion. This can be physical or mental or both. It is a common concern in the UK, particularly among women, who often seek medical advice.
Possible Causes of Fatigue
1. Hormonal Changes
Women experience natural hormonal fluctuations throughout their lives that can impact energy levels.
- Menstrual cycle: Heavy periods can lead to low iron, causing tiredness.
- Pregnancy: Increased metabolic demands, hormonal changes, and disrupted sleep all contribute.
- Postnatal period: Hormonal shifts combined with sleep deprivation can cause exhaustion.
- Perimenopause and menopause: Changes in oestrogen and progesterone levels can disrupt sleep and reduce energy.
- Thyroid disorders: An underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism) — more common in women — can cause fatigue, weight gain, and feeling cold.
2. Nutrition and Diet
- Iron deficiency anaemia: Common in women due to menstrual blood loss.
- Vitamin B12 deficiency: May cause fatigue, pins and needles in the hands and feet, and concentration or memory issues.
- Vitamin D deficiency: Can lead to low energy and muscle or joint pain.
- Poor diet: High consumption of processed foods and low fibre intake can contribute to sluggishness.
3. Sleep Issues
- Sleep issues: Such as insomnia, sleep apnoea, or restless legs syndrome.
- Poor sleep hygiene: Irregular sleep schedules, excessive screen time or stress.
4. Mental Health
- Depression and anxiety: Fatigue is a common symptom of both.
- Chronic stress: Long-term stress elevates cortisol levels, leading to exhaustion.
- Burnout: Often due to balancing work, family, and personal responsibilities.
5. Medical Conditions
- Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS/ME): Causes extreme fatigue, brain fog, poor sleep, and aching muscles.
- Autoimmune diseases: Such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, or multiple sclerosis.
- Diabetes: Low blood sugar or poor glucose control can reduce energy levels.
- Heart disease: Fatigue can sometimes be an early symptom, even without chest pain.
- Chronic infections: Such as glandular fever or recurrent urinary infections.
6. Lifestyle Factors
- Physical inactivity: Reduces stamina and energy levels.
- Excessive exercise: Without proper recovery periods can also cause fatigue.
- Caffeine and alcohol: May disrupt sleep patterns and energy levels.
- Overwork: Managing multiple responsibilities can lead to exhaustion and burn out.
What Can You Do?
If you are experiencing persistent fatigue, book an appointment with your GP to discuss your symptoms, lifestyle and overall health. Your doctor may recommend blood tests to check for iron, vitamin B12, and other key markers.
At Harpenden Medical, Health and Wellness Clinic, our experienced GPs can provide a comprehensive assessment to help identify the underlying cause and support your recovery.
Written by Dr Yal Heidari
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